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    Evidence for indirect loss of significance effects on violent extremism: The potential mediating role of anomia
    (Wiley, 2019) Troian, Jais; Baidada, Ouissam; Arciszewski, Thomas; Apostolidis, Themistoklis; Celebi, Elif; Yurtbakan, Taylan
    Psychological research suggests that violent extremism (e.g., terrorism) stems partly from existential motives, such as individuals' need to achieve significance in life after experiencing failure, ostracism, or humiliation (Significance Quest Theory; SQT). Parallel investigations from sociology and criminology established similar findings by linking anomia-a syndrome including feelings of meaninglessness, powerlessness, isolation, self-estrangement, and normlessness-with violent behavior. In line with SQT, this contribution tested if anomia could mediate Loss of Significance effects on violent extremism. Accordingly, three studies conducted in France highlight indirect effects of exposure to discrimination on legitimation of political violence (Study 1, cross-sectional, minority population sample, N = 110), violent behavioral intentions (Study 2, experimental, undergraduate sample, N = 249), and support for ISIS fighters (Study 3, experimental, undergraduate sample, N = 221) through anomia. A subsequent study shows this indirect effect to be robust when controlled for Social Dominance Orientation and Political Extremism (Study 4, cross-sectional, undergraduate sample, N = 279). A final investigation re-analyzing data collected in Turkey highlights a reverse effect when the independent variable tapped into social inclusion (rather than exclusion; Study 5, cross-sectional, undergraduate sample, N = 321). This indirect effect was also robust to Political Extremism and Intolerance as control variables. These results support the usefulness of considering anomia as a proximal predictor of violent extremism in a SQT perspective.
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    Positive Associations Between Anomia and Intentions to Engage in Political Violence: Cross-Cultural Evidence From Four Countries
    (Amer Psychological Assoc, 2020) Adam-Troian, Jais; Bonetto, Eric; Araujo, Marcos; Baidada, Ouissam; Celebi, Elif; Martin, Marcos Dono; Eadeh, Fade
    Psychological research suggests that politically motivated violence (e.g., terrorism) partially stems from existential motives, and more specifically from individuals' need to achieve significance in life (SignifIcance Quest Theory [SQT]; Kruglanski et al., 2014). Interestingly, sociological research has established similar findings linking anomia-a syndrome including feelings of meaninglessness, powerlessness, isolation, self-estrangement and normlessness-with violent behavior. In line with SQT, the present contribution aimed to test for the first time if anomia could be linked with political violence. Results from a study conducted in four countries (Brazil, Turkey, Belgium, and France; N = 1,240) supported this hypothesis by revealing a consistent, small-to-medium-sized positive correlation between anomia and intentions to display political violence (r = .21, 95% CI [.14,.28]) among undergraduate samples. This link held across countries, independently of political ideology. These results highlight the theoretical and practical usefulness of considering the role of anomia in explaining violent political behavior. Public Significance Statement Politically motivated violence stems from various psychological motives such as the need to restore significance, meaning or control in one's life. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that anomia, a generalized feeling of being meaningless, powerless, isolated and alienated is linked with intentions to engage in political violence across cultures and political ideologies. Anomia may therefore constitute a single unifying psychological construct to study radicalization and violent extremism.