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Öğe A debate on the theory of contradictory class locations and middle classes: reproduction strategies of small traders in Turkey(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Altinoklu, Muge Neda; Boyraz, CemilThe global economic crisis and the associated economic downturn in Turkey revitalized debates about the theory and politics of the middle classes. The significance of the middle classes has historically been shaped by not only the 'declining' boundaries of their objective class position but also their 'rising' importance in the reproduction of capital accumulation and hegemonic relations. Inspired by the notion of 'contradictory class locations' offered by Erik Olin Wright to make sense of the growing middle class of nonmanual labor in contemporary capitalist societies, and with a particular focus on Turkey's hardware sector and small traders in the Karakoy region, this article addresses the specific historical conditions of these workers' class formation and analyzes small traders' experiences with changing market conditions, their approaches to the functioning of market mechanisms, and the role of the state, as well as forms of their political representation.Öğe All quiet on the Kemalist front?(Sage Publications Inc, 2015) Borovali, Murat; Boyraz, CemilAs a result of its failure to embrace the increasingly visible social and political diversity in the country, Kemalism, the founding ideology of modern Turkey, is currently facing its severest legitimacy crisis. Through interviews with representatives of leading voluntary Kemalist associations, this article inquires whether there are attempts to reinterpret the doctrine in order to offer an alternative, credible vision in harmony with the existing social, political and economic realities of Turkey.Öğe All Quiet on the Kemalist Front? [Book Chapter](Springer International Publishing Ag, 2016) Borovali, Murat; Boyraz, CemilAs a result of its failure to embrace the increasingly visible social and political diversity in the country, Kemalism, the founding ideology of modern Turkey, is currently facing its severest legitimacy crisis. Through interviews with representatives of leading voluntary Kemalist associations, this article inquires whether there are attempts to reinterpret the doctrine in order to offer an alternative, credible vision in harmony with the existing social, political and economic realities of Turkey.Öğe Alternative Political Projects of Territoriality and Governance during the Syrian War: The Caliphate Vs Democratic Confederalism(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2021) Boyraz, CemilFollowing the Arab Spring and the Syrian war, two non-state actors, the Islamic State (IS; also known as ISIS or ISIL) and the Democratic Union Party (PYD), deployed their political projects of the caliphate and democratic confederalism, respectively, amid rising geopolitical interest in the Middle East. Beyond mobilising people on the battleground in Syria, these political projects led to comprehensive debates about the future of the Westphalian order of sovereignty, territoriality, and the state in the region, as well as the viability of the ideals of political and cultural pluralism. This article compares the potential of these projects. First, it explores whether these actors challenge the older forms of the state, territoriality, and sovereignty, or whether they reproduce them. Then, it discusses whether the political organisation and governance models of these two non-state actors have the capacity to solve the problems of democratic representation and cultural pluralism in the region. Finally, the potential impact of these projects is discussed by examining whether they could serve as a model or inspiration for new political ideas and arrangements in the region.Öğe Autonomy and Control in the Gig Economy and Platform Work: Domestic and Home Repair Workers in Turkey(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Uysal, Kadir; Boyraz, CemilThe rise of digital labour platforms and the gig economy has provoked debate among scholars and policymakers. Some emphasize the platforms' contribution to efficient labour processes by facilitating transactions between customers and service providers. In contrast, others highlight the precarity of gig work in platforms and call for greater regulation of the platform economy. This article reports a field study on the experience of Turkish platform workers in the domestic work and home repair sectors, focusing on the growing platform Armut. The impact of the platform economy on labour processes is explored, with particular attention to the concepts of autonomy and control with reference to alternative perspectives on labour platforms and the gig economy.Öğe Class and nationalism in the age of global capitalism: Post-1980 privatization process in Turkey(İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi, 2012) Boyraz, Cemil[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Dreaming the active citizenship: a debate on the Roma/Gypsy opening and its news media coverage in Turkey(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Yucel, Alev; Boyraz, CemilThe Roma Opening process of the ruling party of Turkey resulted in disappointment for Roma, similar to other opening processes regarding the rights and demands of the Kurdish and Alevite communities and their respective civil society organizations. This paper focuses on the dynamics and results of the Roma opening process within the framework of prospects for developing the notion of active citizenship in Turkey. The article also addresses the news media coverage of the Roma opening process and its aftermath, again investigating the role of the media in enhancing the ideals of active citizenship. Within these considerations, after a theoretical debate on the importance of active citizenship and the role of the media in its development, the Turkish case of the Roma/Gypsy question will be discussed concerning the Roma Opening process and its news media coverage based on a qualitative content analysis. Finally, particular attention will be devoted to the structural limits of active citizenship in Turkey.Öğe Ethnic Turkification and homogenization from Ottoman empire to the Turkish republic: critical investigations into the historiography of non-Muslims in Turkey(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2017) Boyraz, Cemil[Abstract Not Available]Öğe From system integration to social integration: Kurdish challenge to Turkish republicanism(Sage Publications Inc, 2016) Boyraz, Cemil; Turan, OmerThe modern republican history of Turkey and its relation with the question of ethnic diversity could be understood via the tension between the processes of system integration and social integration. This article, based on Jurgen Habermas' conceptual framework, draws the sources of such tension with reference to the Kurdish identity in Turkey since the early republican era. For this purpose, from the 1920s to the 2000s, policies and discourses of system integration aiming at a certain degree of ethnic homogenization to eliminate possible threats' to territorial integrity and national unity are discussed in detail. While system integration processes reflect an exclusionary and assimilative-securitist logic of state practices regarding the Kurdish question, this article argues that the Kurdish challenge to republicanism and to its system integration logic promises more for the dynamics of social integration. Especially since the 1990s, while processes of system integration are still in force; national, regional and diasporic achievements of Kurdish politics and its call for a democratic transformation of the republic based on decentralist, participatory and multiculturalist values have become much more visible. This new focus on democratic transformation demands more for social integration through internalization of roles as well as through promotion of an active communication between citizens by raising the claims of active participation to social and political spheres as well as by making identity visible in different aspects of socio-cultural life. Degree of social integration and its success vis-a-vis system integration will be decisive in the democratic transformation of Turkey in the future.Öğe How to struggle with exclusionary right-wing populism: evidence from Turkey(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Ercetin, Tugce; Boyraz, CemilThis paper investigates the new character of the strategy of the Republican People's Party (CHP) using populism to combat the success of the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP). We consider populism along a left-right axis in terms of the differentiation of exclusionary and inclusionary approaches and conduct a content analysis of campaign speeches by Ekrem Imamoglu during the 2019 local elections, as well as speeches of the party elites given during the currency crisis of 2018 and the COVID-19 pandemic. We argue that an alternative to the exclusionary right-wing populism may construct images of egalitarianism, participatory budgeting, and agrarian populism instead of mobilizing security or survival issues.Öğe The Justice and Development Party in Turkish Politics: Islam, Democracy and State(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2011) Boyraz, Cemil[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Neoliberal populism and governmentality in Turkey: The foundation of communication centers during the AKP era(Sage Publications Inc, 2018) Boyraz, CemilThis article is based on the question How does the current governing party in Turkey, namely Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalknma Partisi, AKP), reproduce its social power? In order to answer this question, it is suggested that a combination of the different techniques of governmentality of the ruling party should be analyzed, with particular reference to the policies and institutions reconfiguring the role of the state and the notion of public deliberation in the midst of the rising discontents of neoliberalism in Turkey. As an instance of such a technique of neoliberal governmentality in populist content, the formation of the communication centers by the AKP in Turkey will be investigated. For this purpose, firstly, the rise of the populism will be related to the increasing need for channels of political participation and a solution to public demands in the midst of rising authoritarian tendencies, in order to solve the political legitimacy crisis as well as creating new forms of representation for the politically excluded masses. Then, secondly, the main cornerstones of the AKP populism will be analyzed and the formation and the future of the communication centers as a particular case will be discussed in details. Lastly, it will be argued that those centers do not only reflect the populist concerns of the governing party but also serve as a crucial source of electoral success, as well as managing tensions stemming from the neoliberal configuration of the public sphere and state-citizen relations.Öğe Silent Violence: Neoliberalism, Islamist Politics and the AKP Years in Turkey(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2013) Boyraz, Cemil; Turan, Omer[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Spatial Conceptions of the Nation: Modernizing Geographies in Greece and Turkey(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2010) Boyraz, Cemil[Abstract Not Available]Öğe The Alevi question and the limits of citizenship in Turkey(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2019) Boyraz, CemilThe Alevi question in Turkey is not only about a manifestation of the demands for religious freedoms and pluralism but also an issue of citizenship at least for the last three decades. This article argues that as a result of the rise of the Alevi identity and collective capacity of the Alevis to formulate demands in the national and international public spheres, the issue has increasingly turned to a matter of struggle for the long-denied equal citizenship rights of the Alevis in Turkey. Expected failure of workshops process, namely Alevi Opening, during the second term of the Adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi (AKP) period increasingly brought a sense of the disappointment among the Alevi organizations due to the fact that the issue was not managed with a perspective based on equal citizenship rights but with a discussion on the authenticity and originality of the Alevi demands. Enduring silence for the solution of the Alevi question in the last decade would lead Alevi organizations to the search for the extension of the self-creation of the survival mechanisms without the state support. This paper, within these considerations, is based on the demands of the Alevi society in Turkey and their struggle for the legal recognition, which increasingly challenged the Turkish form of secularism and citizenship regimes today.Öğe The Alevi Workshops: An Opening Without an Outcome?(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2015) Borovali, Murat; Boyraz, CemilThis paper aims to analyze the Alevi Opening in 2009 by the Justice and Development Party. Based on a close reading of the manuscripts of the seven workshops and the subsequently published report, a critical analysis of the initiative by the government is presented. It is argued that the organization and the composition of the workshops were not conducive to attaining a set of solutions to the problems encountered by the Alevis. The article concludes by stating that, though a historic step in state-Alevi relations, the Opening has not been successful in producing a politically significant result.Öğe Turkey Since 1989: Angry Nation(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2011) Boyraz, Cemil[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Turkish Politics and the Rise of the AKP: Dilemmas of Institutionalization and Leadership Strategy(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2010) Boyraz, Cemil[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Turkish secularism and Islam: A difficult dialogue with the Alevis(Sage Publications Inc, 2014) Borovali, Murat; Boyraz, CemilIn this article, recent attempts by the Justice and Development Party (AKP) to address the problems of Alevi citizens in Turkey are analysed. After briefly outlining the sources of Alevi revitalization in the 1990s, the article critically discusses different aspects of the Alevi Opening process. It concludes by arguing that the Alevi question reveals many aspects of the problematic nature of secularism in Turkey.Öğe Türkiye'de Cemevleri Sorunu: Haklar ve Özgürlükler Bağlamında Eleştirel Bir Yaklaşım(2016) Borovalı, Murat; Boyraz, CemilBu çalışma, Aleviler için bir ibadet ve kültürel sosyalizasyon merkezi olarak işlev gören cemevlerinin mevcut koşullarını ve cemevlerine resmi hukuk statü tanınması taleplerinin içeriğini ele alacaktır. Çalışmanın ilk kısmında cemevlerinin hukuki statü kazanmasının Alevi siyasallaşmasının derinlik kazanması ve Türkiye'nin demokratikseküler açmazlarının çözümlenmesi açısından önemine yer verilecektir. Bu bölümde Türkiye'de devlet-din ilişkisi bağlamında, Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığının yapısı ve işleyişi ile diğer kurumsal yapılar ve yasal mevzuat incelenerek, cemevlerinin içinde bulunduğu açık ayrımcılık durumunun ve kötü koşulların detaylı bir anlatımı da söz konusu olacaktır. İkinci kısımda ise, 2009 Haziran-2010 Ocak ayları arasında 7 çalıştay toplantısında gerçekleşen Alevi Açılımı sürecinde, cemevlerinin statüsü başta olmak üzere Alevi örgütlerinin taleplerine verilen resmi tepkiler resmedilecektir. Bu bağlamda cemevlerinin içinde bulunduğu sorunlar yumağının giderilmesi bağlamında ortaya çıkan başarısızlık ve tıkanma söz konusu çalıştaylardaki tartışmalara referansla aktarılacaktır. Çalıştaylar sürecine dair Nihai Raporun ve sonrasında görülen gelişmelerin Alevi örgütlerini her zamankinden daha fazla ve güçlü bir şekilde uluslararası hukuk mekanizmalarına yönelttiği de özellikle vurgulanacaktır. Üçüncü kısımda ise Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi (AİHM)'nin farklı ülkelerdeki din ve vicdan özgürlüğü ihlalleri ile ilgili davalarda verdiği kararlar ve Mahkeme'nin söz konusu davalarda getirdiği perspektif incelenecektir. Söz konusu perspektifin temel öğeleri örnek davalar ışığında çoğulculuk ilkesi, devletin tarafsızlığı ilkesi, tek yetkili merci altında toplanmaya zorlanmama, tanınma için yetkili dini makam onayını şart koşmama ve son olarak da keyfi devlet müdahalesinde bulunma ve tanımama gibi başlıklar altında incelenecektir. Dördüncü kısımda, konuya dair haklar ve özgürlükler çerçevesinde bu perspektifin Türkiye'deki cemevlerine dair kararlara yansıması tartışılacaktır. Mahkeme'nin getirdiği yaklaşımın sadece cemevlerinin içinde açık ayrımcılık durumu ile gündeme gelmediği ve aynı zamanda zorunlu din dersi uygulaması ve nüfus cüzdanlarında din ibaresinin yer alması gibi konularda da benzer bir durumun söz konusu olduğu da belirtilecektir. Söz konusu AİHM çerçevesinin ve kararlarının Türkiye'deki din ve vicdan özgürlüğü alanında alınan iç yargı kararlarında son dönemde ne kadar önemli ve etkili olduğunun da altı çizilecektir. Sonuç olarak da cemevlerinin statüsü bağlamında 'konu' ve 'çözüm' temelli bir diyaloğun nasıl mümkün olabileceği gösterilecektir
