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    The 'Rojava Revolution' in Syrian Kurdistan: A Model of Development for the Middle East?
    (Wiley-Blackwell, 2016-05) Cemgil, Can; Hoffmann, Clemens
    As the civil war in Syria continues, in the territory of Rojava in Kurdish, 'the West' - the northern Syrian Kurdish political movement is attempting to implement 'libertarian municipalism', based on the thoughts of United States (US) anarchist Murray Bookchin. Since the withdrawal of Syrian regime forces in 2012, the movement has consolidated significant territorial gains as a US ally in the anti-Islamic State (IS) struggle, while simultaneously securing Russian support. Viewed with suspicion by Turkey, Syria and Iraqi Kurdistan, the geopolitical conditions of Rojava's emergence are its greatest impediment. This article analyses Rojava's model of rule and socioeconomic development, and its theory and practice in the context of the civil war, and regional Middle Eastern and wider global geopolitics. It reflects on Rojava's place and meaning for contemporary geopolitics in the Middle East, and considers the territory's prospects, discussing its transformative potential for an otherwise troubled region.
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    The (un)making of the Pax Turca in the Middle East: understanding the social-historical roots of foreign policy
    (Routledge Journals, 2016) Cemgil, Can; Hoffmann, Clemens
    Turkey's foreign policy activism has received mixed reviews. Some feel threatened by the alleged increasing Islamization of the country's foreign policy, sometimes called neo-Ottomanism', which is seen as a significant revision of Turkey's traditional transatlanticism. Others see Turkey as a stable democratic role model in a troubled region. This debate on Turkish foreign policy (TFP) remains dominated by a sense of confusion about what appear to be stark contradictions that are difficult to make sense of. Intervening in this debate, this article will develop an alternative perspective to existing accounts of Turkey's new foreign policy. Offering a historical sociological approach to foreign policy analysis, it locates recent transformations in Turkey's broader strategies of social reproduction. It subsequently argues that, contrary to claims about Turkey's axis shift, its changing foreign policies have in fact never been pro-Western or pro-American. All foreign policy shifts' and inconsistencies', we argue, are explicable in terms of historically changing strategies of social reproduction of the Ottoman and Turkish states responding to changing domestic and international conditions.