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Öğe Reliability of 3D-Printed Dynamic Scanners(IEEE, 2017) Gonultas, Burak Mert; Aygun, Sacid; Khayatzadeh, Ramin; Civitci, Fehmi; Gokdel, Yigit Daghan; Yelten, Mustafa Berke; Ferhanoglu, Onur3D-printed dynamic structures have arisen as a lower cost and easier to fabricate alternative to miniaturized sensor and actuator technologies. Here, we investigate the reliability of a selected 3D-printed laser scanner, which was initially designed for miniaturized confocal imaging, having 1 x 1 cm' footprint. The scan-line, 1 resonant frequency and quality factor of 3 devices were monitored for 100,000,000 (hundred million) cycles, and an average deviation of <6% was observed for all three parameters under investigation, for the devices under test. We conclude that 3D printed dynamic structures are promising candidates for a variety of applications, including optomedical imaging applications that demand disposable and low-cost scanning technologies.Öğe Reliability Testing of 3D-Printed Electromechanical Scanning Devices(Springer, 2018) Gonultas, B. Mert; Savas, Janset; Khayatzadeh, Ramin; Aygun, Sacid; Civitci, Fehmi; Gokdel, Y. Daghan; Berke Yelten, M.Recent advances in the field of stereolithography based manufacturing, have led to a number of 3D-printed sensor and actuator devices, as a cost-effective and low fabrication complexity alternative to micro-electro-mechanical counterparts. Yet the reliability of such 3D-printed dynamic structures have yet to be explored. Here we perform reliability tests and analysis of a selected 3D-printed actuator, namely an electromechanical scanner. The scanner is targeted towards scanning incoming light onto the target, which is particularly useful for barcoding, display, and opto-medical tissue imaging applications. We monitor the deviations in the fundamental mechanical resonance, scan-line, and the quality factor on a number of scanners having different device thicknesses, for a total duration of 5 days (corresponding to 20-80 million cycles, depending on the device operating frequency). A total of 9 scanning devices, having 10 mm x 10 mm die size were tested, with a highlight on device-device variability, as well as the effect of device thickness itself. An average standard deviation of < similar to%10 (with respect to the mean) was observed for all tested parameters among scanners of the same type (an indicator device to device variability), while an average standard deviation of less than about 10 percent (with respect to the mean) was observed for all parameters for the duration of the entire test (as an indicator of device reliability), for a total optical scan angle of 5 degrees.Öğe Toward fully three-dimensional-printed miniaturized confocal imager(Spie-Soc Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, 2018) Savas, Janset; Khayatzadeh, Ramin; Civitci, Fehmi; Gokdel, Yigit Dakhan; Ferhanoglu, OnurWe present a disposable miniaturized confocal imager, consisting mostly of three-dimensional (3-D)-printed components. A 3-D printed laser scanner with 10x10 mm(2) frame size is employed for Lissajous scan, with 180 and 315 Hz frequencies in orthogonal directions corresponding to +/- 8 deg and +/- 4 deg optical scan angles, respectively. The actuation is done electromagnetically via a magnet attached to the scanner and an external coil. A miniaturized lens with 6-mm clear aperture and 10-mm focal length is 3-D printed and post-processed to obtain desired (<=lambda/5 surface roughness) performance. All components are press-fitted into a 3-D-printed housing having 17 mm width, which is comparable to many of the MEMS-based scanning imagers. Finally, line-scan from a resolution target and two-dimensional scanning in the sample location were demonstrated with the integrated device. (C) 2018 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)