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Öğe Discerning self-interested behaviour in attitudes towards welfare state responsibilities across Europe(Wiley, 2011) Baslevent, Cem; Kirmanoglu, HasanThis article reports on an investigation into the influence of individual characteristics on attitudes to government responsibility for welfare-related tasks using data from the European Social Survey. The main finding of this investigation was that socio-demographic characteristics, basic personal values, a left-right ideological position and religious affiliation were all associated with attitudes towards welfare policies. An item-by-item examination of the six issues enquired about in the survey revealed that people tended to hold the government responsible for tasks that would benefit them more directly. Taken as a whole, the empirical findings were interpreted to mean that individuals' tastes for welfare state policies were driven, at least partially, by self-interest, but it was also noted that further work was needed to disentangle the potential role of group loyalty effects.Öğe Do Preferences for Job Attributes Provide Evidence of 'Hierarchy of Needs'?(Springer, 2013) Baslevent, Cem; Kirmanoglu, HasanWe examine whether employees' preferences for various job attributes are associated with their individual characteristics in ways that are in line with 'hierarchy of needs' theories. Using data from the fifth round of the European Social Survey, we observe the influence of socio-demographic and dispositional characteristics as well as socialization experiences on opinions regarding the importance of five different desirable job attributes. An item-by-item examination of the attributes (including 'security' and 'offering a high income') reveals that dispositional factors (measured using the battery of items in Schwartz's theory of basic personal values) influence job attitudes in expected ways, but employees also tend to place more importance on attributes that concern them more directly. For example, while female employees care more about being able to combine work and family responsibilities, younger workers value training opportunities more highly than older ones. Regarding socialization experiences, we find that job security is more important for those who have been unemployed in the past. We interpret our findings to mean that 'hierarchy of needs' theories are valid in the context of job attitudes in the sense that the ranking of preferred job attributes is quite predictable once individual characteristics are accounted for.Öğe Gender Inequality in Europe and the Life Satisfaction of Working and Non-working Women(Springer, 2017) Baslevent, Cem; Kirmanoglu, HasanEmpirical analysis of data drawn from the European Social Survey reveals that-after individual characteristics are controlled for-women engaging in market work and housework have similar life satisfaction levels. Complementing the micro-level data from the survey with country-level variables, namely GDP per capita and gender inequality (measured by the World Economic Forum's Global Gender Gap Index, GGGI), we estimate a multilevel regression model to shed light on the contextual factors of the life satisfaction of women in Europe. We find that working women's well-being relative to housewives is greater in countries where the GGGI indicates a smaller gender gap, i.e. where women are in a better position in terms of equality with men in the public domains. We interpret this finding to mean that the so-called 'paradox of declining female happiness' is in part due to persistent gender roles which appear to have a larger impact on the well-being of working women.Öğe Institutions and Growth Volatility(Wiley, 2011) Anbarci, Nejat; Hill, Jonathan; Kirmanoglu, HasanRecently some studies provided evidence that democratic political institutions generate less volatile growth. These studies, however, do not provide any link between democracy and investment volatility. Here, we focus on the specific channel that links individualistic societies and low growth volatility. We test whether investment volatility and consequently growth volatility are lower in individualistic societies. We construct a two-equation system of investment and income growth volatility, allowing various measures of individualism to influence growth volatility both directly and indirectly. We find that individualism significantly directly and indirectly influences growth volatility negatively.Öğe Life Satisfaction of Ethnic Minority Members: An Examination of Interactions with Immigration, Discrimination, and Citizenship(Springer, 2014) Kirmanoglu, Hasan; Baslevent, CemUsing data from the European Social Survey, we examine the overall life satisfaction of individuals, focusing on the influence of belonging to an ethnic minority group. Building on the existing literature, we control for immigrant and citizenship statuses and discrimination perceptions as well as several commonly-used socio-demographic variables. Through the use of interaction terms in an ordered probit model, we demonstrate that the magnitude of the negative impact of discrimination perceptions depends on the type of discrimination as well as minority membership status. Similarly, we find that first and second generation immigrants differ in their levels of life satisfaction and also according to whether they consider themselves as an ethnic minority member. Citizenship status turns out to be of secondary relevance since it is found to be a significant factor only in models that exclude the immigration variables. In the presence of the aforementioned control variables, ethnic minority membership is also found not to have a universal stand-alone effect on life satisfaction, but only for individuals with certain attributes as indicated by the interaction terms in the empirical model.Öğe Managerial subcultures in Turkey: how does membership in business associations impact managerial values and assumptions?(Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, 2007) Aycan, Zeynep; Kirmanoglu, HasanThe study examines the impact of membership in business associations on managerial subcultures in Turkey. Perceptions of societal values and assumptions of top level managers regarding how to manage human resources were compared between the two groups: members of Independent Industrialists and Businessmen's Association (IIBA) and members of other business associations. IIBA member organisations are known for their adherence to conservative Islamic values and principles, while others stand closer to the secular ideology. A total of 223 top level managers (Presidents and Vice Presidents) participated in the study. Results indicated that top managers did not differ in their values and assumptions.Öğe PARTY PREFERENCES AND ECONOMIC VOTING IN TURKEY (NOW THAT THE CRISIS IS OVER)(Sage Publications Ltd, 2009) Baslevent, Cem; Kirmanoglu, Hasan; Senatalar, BurhanThe purpose of this study is to re-examine the factors that shape party preferences in Turkey by estimating an individual vote intention function. The economic variables in the empirical model are items that can be used to test the conventional 'economic voting' hypotheses, i.e. whether individuals' economic evaluations about the past or the near future affect their party choice. In an earlier article, based on data from 2002, evidence was found in favour of these hypotheses. Those who had been affected adversely by the economic crisis of 2001 were found to be very unlikely to vote for the incumbent parties of the time. In the present article, we focus on comparing the characteristics of the intended voters of the currently ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) with those of other parties. According to multinomial logit estimates, those who make the more optimistic evaluations about the state of the economy are more likely to vote for the AKP. There is also an obvious increase in the number of AKP voters who support Turkey's European Union membership.Öğe Personal values and political activism: A cross-national study(Wiley, 2015-02) Kirmanoglu, HasanUsing data from 28 countries in four continents, the present research addresses the question of how basic values may account for political activism. Study 1 (N=35,116) analyses data from representative samples in 20 countries that responded to the 21-item version of the Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ-21) in the European Social Survey. Study 2 (N=7,773) analyses data from adult samples in six of the same countries (Finland, Germany, Greece, Israel, Poland, and United Kingdom) and eight other countries (Australia, Brazil, Chile, Italy, Slovakia, Turkey, Ukraine, and United States) that completed the full 40-item PVQ. Across both studies, political activism relates positively to self-transcendence and openness to change values, especially to universalism and autonomy of thought, a subtype of self-direction. Political activism relates negatively to conservation values, especially to conformity and personal security. National differences in the strength of the associations between individual values and political activism are linked to level of democratization.Öğe The Impact of Deviations from Desired Hours of Work on the Life Satisfaction of Employees(Springer, 2014) Baslevent, Cem; Kirmanoglu, HasanWe estimate an ordinal logistic multilevel model to examine the determinants of the life satisfaction of employees in Europe. Data drawn from the European social survey reveals that deviations from desired hours of work (measured as the absolute difference between the actual and preferred weekly number of hours) reduce overall life satisfaction, but the effect is smaller in countries with higher unemployment rates. We interpret this finding as evidence that in environments where anxieties about job security are high, having a job brings about a certain level of life satisfaction regardless of the gap between the actual and preferred time spent in the labor market. We also find no statistically significant difference between male and female employees with regard to the impact of the work hours mismatch. This finding suggests that the gender differences which would have been expected in this context are already incorporated in the respondents' subjectively determined desired hours of work. In fact, further examinations confirm that 'desired hours' are associated with both socio-demographic characteristics (in particular, gender) and preferences for labor market work.Öğe Using basic personal values to test theories of union membership(Oxford Univ Press, 2012) Kirmanoglu, Hasan; Baslevent, CemUsing data from the fourth round of the European Social Survey, we investigate the determinants of the individual union membership decision, focusing on the role of dispositionalas opposed to situationalfactors. We argue that the battery of items in Schwartzs (1992) theory of basic personal values is relevant in the context of unionism and can be used to test the validity of certain elements of existing theories. We further claim that the use of basic values in this context is an effective way of operationalizing the role of societal interests embedded in the rational choice explanations for union membership. The econometric workwhich features a three-way outcome variable identifying current, former and never-membersreveals that, along with socio-demographic, ideological, firm-level and sectoral characteristics, basic values are closely related to union membership status. While higher self-transcendence and conservation scores are associated with a greater likelihood of being a current member, higher openness-to-change and self-enhancement scores have the opposite effect.
