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    Evidence for indirect loss of significance effects on violent extremism: The potential mediating role of anomia
    (Wiley, 2019) Troian, Jais; Baidada, Ouissam; Arciszewski, Thomas; Apostolidis, Themistoklis; Celebi, Elif; Yurtbakan, Taylan
    Psychological research suggests that violent extremism (e.g., terrorism) stems partly from existential motives, such as individuals' need to achieve significance in life after experiencing failure, ostracism, or humiliation (Significance Quest Theory; SQT). Parallel investigations from sociology and criminology established similar findings by linking anomia-a syndrome including feelings of meaninglessness, powerlessness, isolation, self-estrangement, and normlessness-with violent behavior. In line with SQT, this contribution tested if anomia could mediate Loss of Significance effects on violent extremism. Accordingly, three studies conducted in France highlight indirect effects of exposure to discrimination on legitimation of political violence (Study 1, cross-sectional, minority population sample, N = 110), violent behavioral intentions (Study 2, experimental, undergraduate sample, N = 249), and support for ISIS fighters (Study 3, experimental, undergraduate sample, N = 221) through anomia. A subsequent study shows this indirect effect to be robust when controlled for Social Dominance Orientation and Political Extremism (Study 4, cross-sectional, undergraduate sample, N = 279). A final investigation re-analyzing data collected in Turkey highlights a reverse effect when the independent variable tapped into social inclusion (rather than exclusion; Study 5, cross-sectional, undergraduate sample, N = 321). This indirect effect was also robust to Political Extremism and Intolerance as control variables. These results support the usefulness of considering anomia as a proximal predictor of violent extremism in a SQT perspective.
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    Youth extremism as a response to global threats? A threat-regulation perspective on violent extremism among the youth
    (İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi, 2019-04) Kaya, Ayhan; Tecmen, Ayşe; Troian, Jais
    Violent extremism is rising across the globe as indicated by the growing number of attacks conducted by terrorist organizations. It is known that violent extremism is carried out mainly by youth due to developmental specificities. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that ideologically motivated violence stems from threat-regulation processes (i.e. aiming to restore significance, control and certainty). Nevertheless, few studies from the threat-regulation literature have focused on youth samples and on the political context in which radicalization processes occur. Here, we demonstrate that one driver of the surge in violent extremism might be globalization. To do so, we review the evidence that shows globalization increases perception of affiliative, economic and existential threats. In return, studies suggest that these kinds of threats promote violent extremism among youth samples. Therefore, we conclude that the threatening context generated by four decades of globalization might be a risk factor for youth extremism in the long run.