Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities

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Experiences of Children During the Pandemic: Scrutinizing Increased Vulnerabilities in Education in the Case of Turkey
(Springer Nature, 2023-09) Akkan, Başak; Semerci, Pınar Uyan
The lengthy time of school closure was one defining factor in understanding child well-being during the pandemic in a context where school as a relational space holds great importance for children, particularly those from a low socioeconomic background. Considering this significant aspect of lengthy school closure during the pandemic in Turkey, this article explores children’s experiences concerning their day-to-day access to education, digital inequalities, housing conditions, and changing context of relations with peers and teachers. The article also explores the meaning that children attribute to school as a relational space where they shape their intergenerational and generational relations. The absence of the school in children’s lives for almost 2 years has been a major source of longing for such significant childhood space. Following our earlier work on the children’s negotiation of well-being within the boundaries of the relational spaces of home and school, this article looks into how children negotiate their well-being in a pandemic environment where school as a relational space has changed its meaning and where children’s caretakers’ (teachers, parents, and other) vulnerabilities have also increased. The analysis draws on the qualitative fieldwork carried out with 50 children during the summer of 2020 in Turkey. We aim to reflect on the experiences from children’s perspectives within the boundaries of the constraints that the pandemic has generated. This article also discusses how COVID-19 has widened the gap and increased vulnerabilities among the already disadvantaged groups and gender in terms of available resources and their allocation as it is reflected in time use that portrays the meaning that children attribute to their own experience during the pandemic. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
The Necessity to Recognize Processes of Radicalization from a Socio-cultural Perspective
(SPRINGER, 2023-12) Benevento, Ayşe Nur
The current paper investigates Psychoanalytic, Cognitive, Behaviorist, and Socio-cultural theories and critiques how they have (or might have) contributed to the study of radicalization. The paper asserts two arguments that lack emphasis in the current radicalization research: 1) radicalization refers to a process, and does not always refer to violent behavior; 2) radicalization research needs to pay tribute to socio-cultural, political, and historical context while designing research and discussing findings. These two points are essential to extend the concept of radicalization and to be sensitive to different research contexts and populations. Currently, the conceptualization of radicalization appears to be generalized to violent action among minority groups (mainly Muslims) in limited contexts (mostly Western countries). The article claims that Psychology can better contribute to this diverse field of interest with its well-established theoretical contributions to the understanding of human beings and its compassion to seek differences amongst people across different contexts. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
The Neoliberal Face of the ‘Local Turn’ in Governance of Refugees in Turkey: Participatory Action Research in Karacabey, Bursa
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2023-12) Kaya, Ayhan
Based on the findings of participatory action research conducted in 2020 and 2021 in Karacabey, Bursa (Turkey), the article aims to offer a critical assessment of the current vocabulary that has become prevalent in Migration Studies such as ‘local turn’ and ‘resilience’. In doing so, the article demonstrates the neoliberal logic of governance of migration and integration of migrants and refugees—a logic that is manifested by the Turkish central state in the form of delegating responsibilities to local actors without an attempt to financially strengthen them. Karacabey encounters various problems similar to many other rural and mountainous places in Europe such as depopulation, aging, emigration, deforestation, deinvestment, reduction of agricultural lands and production, and environmental problems. As the last decade has brought about massive migration of Syrians, the article mostly elaborates on their social, economic, and territorial impacts on Karacabey and Bursa—a region that has been historically exposed to various forms of migration, both international and domestic. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
Asymmetry, but where? Terms of address in pet-, infant-, and child-directed speech in Turkish
(Vilnius University Press, 2023-12-23) Ketrez, Fatma Nihan
Terms of address in Turkish spontaneous pet-, infant-, and child-directed speech were compared in terms of the proportion of diminutive and hypocoristic morphemes attached to various types of bases. The goal of the study was to see whether there was any difference in their distribution in different addressee groups that could be attributed to the asymmetrical communication in pet-directed speech. The results showed that, in Turkish, a language poor in diminutives and hypocoristics, the asymmetry is not observed in the distribution of diminutive and hypocoristic forms. It is observed, however, in the morphopragmatic expression of endearment in general that included the possessive morphology, which seemed to be an alternative form used instead of diminutives and hypocoristics or along with them. © 2023 F. Nihan Ketrez.
Testing the effectiveness and acceptability of online supportive supervision for mental health practitioners in humanitarian settings: a study protocol for the caring for carers project
(BMC, 2023-11-28) Wells, Ruth; Acartürk, Ceren; Uygun, Ersin
ackgroundLocal humanitarian workers in low and middle-income countries must often contend with potentially morally injurious situations, often with limited resources. This creates barriers to providing sustainable mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) to displaced individuals. Clinical supervision is an often neglected part of ensuring high-quality, sustainable care. The Caring for Carers (C4C) project aims to test the effectiveness and acceptability of online group-based supportive supervision on the well-being of MHPSS practitioners, as well as service-user-reported service satisfaction and quality when working with displaced communities in Turkiye, Syria, and Bangladesh. This protocol paper describes the aim, design, and methodology of the C4C project.MethodA quasi-experimental, mixed-method, community-based participatory research study will be conducted to test the effectiveness of online group-based supportive clinical supervision provided to 50 Syrian and 50 Bangladeshi MHPSS practitioners working with Syrian and Rohingya displaced communities. Monthly data will be collected from the practitioners and their beneficiaries during the active control (six months) and supervision period (16 months over two terms). Outcomes are psychological distress (Kessler-6), burnout (the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory), compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, and secondary traumatic stress (Professional Quality of Life Scale), perceived injustice, clinical self-efficacy (Counseling Activity Self-Efficacy Scale), service satisfaction, and quality (Client Satisfaction Questionnaire and an 18-item measure developed in this project). A realist evaluation framework will be used to elucidate the contextual factors, mechanisms, and outcomes of the supervision intervention.DiscussionThere is a scarcity of evidence on the role of clinical supervision in improving the well-being of MHPSS practitioners and the quality of service they provide to displaced people. By combining qualitative and quantitative data collection, the C4C project will address the long-standing question of the effectiveness and acceptability of clinical supervision in humanitarian settings.
A Political Economy of Historical Change and Continuity in Turkish Foreign Policy
(ULUSLARARASI ILISKILER KONSEYI DERNEGI, 2023-12) Ruma, İnan
This study aims to analyse historical continuity and change in Turkish foreign policy (TFP) within the framework of Critical Theory as elucidated by Robert Cox. It suggests asking how TFP has been affected by the historical changes in relations of production and world orders. Within this framework, it aims to explain the changes in TFP within the relation between the production, the world order and the form of state. It analyses TFP in three historical periods such as the Interwar Years, Cold War and post-Cold War. It exposes that Turkish state (re)formation and foreign policy making has succumbed to the global capitalist relations of production and corresponding world orders. These two have been the major framework(s) of change and continuity in Turkiye's 100 years-old foreign policy. Its main argument is that the continuity and change in TFP has shown an interplay of relations between production and world order. It concludes that TFP has been in line with the global relations of production so there has been a clear and substantial continuity; and that the arguable changes have been the repercussions of global relations of production and world orders.
Are Turkish Non-Case-Marked Objects with and without bir Interpreted and Acquired Differently?
(MDPI, 2023-12) Ketrez, Fatma Nihan
Whether non-case-marked objects with and without the numeral bir in Turkish have the same structural properties or not has been a topic of discussion for decades. This study aims to contribute to this discussion with experimental data that compares the comprehension of these object types along with their accusative-marked indefinite counterparts in terms of their scope with respect to negation by four-, five-, and six-year-old children as well as adults. The results suggest that both non-case-marked objects with and without bir contrast with accusative-marked indefinite objects and have a narrow scope with respect to negation in adults’ speech. However, bir can still have a main effect on the interpretation of the objects, just like the accusative case, and unlike non-case-marked objects without bir, objects with bir may scope over negation. Children treat all object types alike at age four and distinguish objects with and without bir at age five. These findings are compatible with an account that assumes different structures for two types of non-case-marked objects.
Unpackaging the link between economic inequality and self-construal
(ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, 2023-07) Sanchez-Rodriguez, Angel; Işık, İdil
Past research has shown that economic inequality shapes individuals' self-construals. However, it has been unclear which dimensions of self-construal are associated with and affected by economic inequality. A correlational (Study 1: N = 264) and an experimental study (Study 2: N = 532) provided converging evidence linking perceived economic inequality with two forms of independent (vs. interdependent) self-construal: Difference from Others and Self-Reliance. In Study 3 (N = 12,634) societal differences in objective economic inequality across 48 nations predicted feelings of Difference from Others, but not Self-Reliance. Importantly, we found no significant associations of economic inequality with the other six dimensions of self-construal. Our findings help extend previous results linking economic inequality to forms of "social distance."
Family First: Evidence of Consistency and Variation in the Value of Family Versus Personal Happiness Across 49 Different Cultures
(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2023-05) Krys, Kuba; Işık, İdil
People care about their own well-being and about the well-being of their families. It is currently, however, unknown how much people tend to value their own versus their family's well-being. A recent study documented that people value family happiness over personal happiness across four cultures. In this study, we sought to replicate this finding across a larger sample size (N = 12,819) and a greater number of countries (N = 49). We found that the strength of the idealization of family over personal happiness preference was small (average Cohen's ds = .20, range -.02 to.48), but present in 98% of the studied countries, with statistical significance in 73% to 75%, and variance across countries <2%. We also found that the size of this effect did vary somewhat across cultural contexts. In Latin American cultures highest on relational mobility, the idealization of family over personal happiness was very small (average Cohen's ds for Latin America = .15 and .18), while in Confucian Asia cultures lowest on relational mobility, this effect was closer to medium (ds > .40 and .30). Importantly, we did not find strong support for traditional theories in cross-cultural psychology that associate collectivism with greater prioritization of the family versus the individual; country-level individualism-collectivism was not associated with variation in the idealization of family versus individual happiness. Our findings indicate that no matter how much various populists abuse the argument of "protecting family life" to disrupt emancipation, family happiness seems to be a pan-culturally phenomenon. Family well-being is a key ingredient of social fabric across the world, and should be acknowledged by psychology and well-being researchers and by progressive movements too.
Need for approval from others and face concerns as predictors of interpersonal conflict outcome in 29 cultural groups
(JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD, 2023-01) Lun, Vivian Miu-Chi; Sunar, Diane
The extent to which culture moderates the effects of need for approval from others on a person's handling of interpersonal conflict was investigated. Students from 24 nations rated how they handled a recent interpersonal conflict, using measures derived from face-negotiation theory. Samples varied in the extent to which they were perceived as characterised by the cultural logics of dignity, honour, or face. It was hypothesised that the emphasis on harmony within face cultures would reduce the relevance of need for approval from others to face-negotiation concerns. Respondents rated their need for approval from others and how much they sought to preserve their own face and the face of the other party during the conflict. Need for approval was associated with concerns for both self-face and other-face. However, as predicted, the association between need for approval from others and concern for self-face was weaker where face logic was prevalent. Favourable conflict outcome was positively related to other-face and negatively related to self-face and to need for approval from others, but there were no significant interactions related to prevailing cultural logics. The results illustrate how particular face-threatening factors can moderate the distinctive face-concerns earlier found to characterise individualistic and collectivistic cultural groups.
Brain health and mental health: Common vascular risk factors and practical implications
(WILEY, 2023-05) Hachinski, Vladimir; Krishnamoorthy, Ennapadam; Kuey, Levent; Kirmayer, Laurence J
The pandemic dramatized the close links among cognitive, mental, and social health; a change in one reflects others. This realization offers the opportunity to bridge the artificial separation of brain and mental health, as brain disorders have behavioral consequences and behavioral disorders affect the brain. The leading causes of mortality and disability, namely stroke, heart disease, and dementia, share the same risk and protective factors. It is emerging that bipolar disorders, obsessive compulsive disorders, and some depressions share these risk factors, allowing their joint prevention through a holistic life span approach. We need to learn to focus on the whole patient, not simply on a dysfunctional organ or behavior to mitigate or prevent the major neurological and mental disorders by fostering an integrated approach to brain and mental health and addressing the common, treatable risk factors.
Preventive and Therapeutic Mental Health Care after the Earthquake-Expert Opinion from the Psychiatric Association of Turkey 2
(TURKIYE SINIR VE RUH SAGLIGI DERNEGI, 2023) İrem, Mevhibe İrem; Başterzi, Ayşe Devrim; Yıldırım, Ejder Akgün; Yüksel, Şahika; Aker, Ahmet Tamer
Two major earthquakes hit Turkey at the Kahramanmaraş region on February 6th 2023. The earthquakes affected almost 15 million individuals, resulting in more than forty thousand deaths, thousands of wounded and the destruction of ancient cities of humankind. Immediately after the earthquakes, the Psychiatric Association of Turkey organized an educational event to address the needs for a guidance on how to approach a trauma of such a big scale. The experts in this educational event summarized their presentations and prepared this review to guide the mental health professionals serving victims of this disaster. The review summarizes the early symptoms of trauma, and puts a framework on the principles of psychological first aid, the approach at the initial stages of the disaster, principles of planning, triage, and psychosocial support systems and the proper use of medications. The text covers the evaluation of the impact of trauma, aligning psychiatric practice with psychosocial interventions, the improvement of counseling skills and methods to better understand the mind during the acute post trauma phase. A set of presentations highlight the challenges in child psychiatry, brings a systematic overview to the earthquake and discuss the symptomatology, first aid and intervention principles in children and adolescents. Last, the forensic psychiatric perspective is presented, followed by a piece on the essentials of delivering bad news and the review is concluded with the emphasis on burnout, a syndrome to avoid particularly for field professionals, and possible preventive measures. Keywords: Disaster, trauma, psychosocial support, psychological first aid, acute stress disorder, post traumatic stress disorder.
Addressing the mental health needs of those affected by the earthquakes in Türkiye
(ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2023-04) Kurt, Gülşah; Uygun, Ersin; Aker, A. Tamer; Acartürk, Ceren
[Abstract Not Available]
Media representations of naturalized athletes: Sentiment variations and trends in Turkish media
(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2023-07) İnci, Elçin İstif; Tınaz, Cem; Kuvvetli, Ümit; Turgut, Nefise Meltem
Turkey has received consistent criticism from international media for having many naturalized athletes in its national squad, both in the Olympic Games and other major international sporting events. Similar criticisms have also been a feature of debates for a long time in domestic media, varying in views toward these athletes. This research focuses on media representations of naturalized athletes in Turkey between 2008 and 2020. We investigated the sentiments of news items from four major Turkish newspapers (Milliyet, Cumhuriyet, Sabah and Fanatik) on their stances toward naturalized athletes over the timespan of 2008–2020. Beside analyzing the sentiment of the media content both cumulatively and fragmentedly, we also identified the yearly trends and most featured sports in this context, combining qualitative and quantitative techniques. Our findings showed that sentiments in Turkish media toward naturalized athletes are mostly neutral and negative as well as with differences varying on the basis of the newspapers and news item types. The most criticism underlined pursuing “shortcut” success with naturalized athletes representing Turkey in the international arena. Among the featured sports, basketball, football, and track and field have been the most discussed ones in the naturalization context.
Introduction: ' A spectre is haunting European football - the spectre of a European Super League '
(ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, 2023-05) Doidge, Mark; Nuhrat, Yağmur; Kossakowski, Radoslaw
Whilst there is a romantic myth that the European Cup was developed for sporting reasons, power, nationalism and money were significant factors. Since the formation of the European Cup in 1955, European competitions have grown in prestige and finances. The spectre of a breakaway Super League has been used repeatedly to assert the power of elite clubs. In 1992, the result was the Champions League which established a league format providing more televised games, more money and more opportunity for larger clubs to proceed in the competition. The threat of a Super League led UEFA to redesign the format of the Champions League to privilege larger clubs. Despite this, a Super League was still announced, before facing widespread resistance. This article sets up the special issue by contextualising the current Champions League in the aftermath of the Super League.
Political drivers of Muslim youth radicalisation in France: religious radicalism as a response to nativism
(Routledge, 2023-03) Max-Valentin, Robert; Kaya, Ayhan
A substantial literature has developed around the individual determinants of radical political preferences. Widely used to study electoral support for far-right parties, this perspective has rarely been mobilised to understand the dynamics of radicalisation, or the process of going back to the ‘roots’, among fractions of Western Muslim youth involved in political Islam. To address this, 37 semi-structured interviews were conducted between 2020 and 2021 as part of ongoing ERC Advanced Grant research with young (aged 18–30) self-identifying Muslims of Turkish and Moroccan descent based in the Paris or Lyon areas. Also drawing on the social movements literature, we uncovered two sets of factors influencing radicalisation, each based on two distinct oppositional sets of attitudes: (1) a feeling of estrangement from mainstream societal values, such as morality, secular-ism, and a perceived assimilationist trend emanating from the French national frame, and (2) a sense of dissatisfaction towards the political- institutional system, which appeared as latent criticisms of the current state of representative democracy, distrust of political and media actors, and discontent towards the current French party system.
The mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between internalized stigma and psychological resilience in bipolar disorder
(WILEY, 2023-07) Maçkalı, Zeynep; Çetinkaya, Saadet; Ay, Nur
Introduction: Internalized stigma is known to be high in bipolar disorder ( BD). Concepts such as self-compassion and psychological resilience have recently begun to be studied as protective factors for BD. The aim of the current study was to examine the relationships between internalized stigma, self-compassion and resilience among individuals with BD. Method: One hundred and thirty-two male and female (18- 65 years of age) participants with a DSM 5 diagnosis of BD (BD-I & BD-II) were included. The remission criteria (YMRS< 5 and HDRS< 7) was evaluated using clinician-administered measures and all participants were found to be remitted. Correlation and mediation analyses were performed. Participants completed the Internalized Stigma in Mental Illness Scale (ISMI), the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA). Results: Significant correlations were found between internalized stigma, sub-dimensions of self-compassion (self-kindness, self-judgement, common humanity, isolation, mindfulness, and over-identification), and resilience in the expected directions like negative correlations between internalized stigma and positive dimensions of self-compassion (self-kindness, common humanity and mindfulness). Self-judgement and self-kindness mediated the relationship between internalized stigma and psychological resilience. Conclusions: The findings of the study shed light on which dimensions of self-compassion might be more beneficial to work with in order to increase resilience when working with internalized stigma in BD. This strengths-based investigation would be valuable to enrich psycho-social interventions for the prevention of relapse in BD.
The Yeni Müzik Scene in Türkiye: How did the ‘New Music’ Discourse Change Local Contemporary Music Practice?
(Trabzon Univ State ConservatoryTrabzon University, 2023-06) Turan, Dilara; Oğul, Belma
Although the field of contemporary music composition in Turkiye is mainly considered an institutionalization grounded on the nation-state ideology and the cultural policies of the early republic period, the political, economic, and cultural changes experienced in the last 30 years have led to the formation of alternative discourses and new institutionalizations in the field. Among these new formations, the 'yeni muzik' discourse - which can be considered as the local manifestation of the 'new music' discourse that originates in the 20th-century art music canon and the new composition scene shaped around it have marked significant differences in the local contemporary music practice. By providing a critical overview of the local history of the field, examining the early emergence of 'yeni muzik', and documenting the post-2000s development of this new compositional institutionalization, the present paper proposes 'yeni muzik scene' as an alternative formation and discusses how it differs from its predecessor 'Turkish Contemporary Music' in terms of institutional, social and musical practices. Our account of the topic - which has hardly been studied in the literature - benefits from both historiographical and fieldwork practices, hoping to provide a continuous socio-cultural narrative that situates the 'yeni muzik scene' within the local history of contemporary music.
Some Psychopolitical and Social Psychohistorical Processes in the Formation of Classical Period Ottoman Identity
(İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınevi, 2022) Yılmaz Odabaşı, Hadiye
Traditional disputes on pre-modern Ottoman identity mostly revolve around the topic of “Is there a single Ottoman identity or various Ottoman identities?” Some researchers point out that the name “Ottoman” refers to the ruling class. On the other hand, some researchers mention a supra-religious and supra-ethnic unionist consciousness and the existence of an Ottoman identity as an umbrella of sovereignty. The basic argument of this paper is that the Ottoman Empire’s institutional structure and organization, which governed the group members’ contacts and connections in political, economic, cultural, and social life, provides a good setting for the formation of the dual identity paradigm. In the two big spaces of social life in the Ottoman society, commercial and agricultural life, social life organized by the waqf system from places of worship to educational institutions, and daily life and practices became collectivized to a large extent by preserving religious and ethnic sub-identities via common spaces such as bazaars and squares. Thus, these patterns established through social structures/relationship networks made it possible for the multi-characterized Ottoman subjects to socialize and to build a collective Ottoman upper identity. Objective representations such as the Ottoman Greek, the Ottoman Armenian, and the Ottoman Jew can be read as the most concrete indicators of dual identity formations in the Ottoman large group.
Sosyal Yardımlara Erişim Bağlamında ‘Hak Eden’ Yoksul ve Hareket Edebilirlik Kavramları: Evde Bakım Aylığı Üzerine Niteliksel bir Çalışma
(Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, 2022) Akkan, Başak
Bu makale ‘hak eden’ yoksul ve hareket edebilirlik kavramlarını, evde bakım aylığına odaklanarak tartışmaktadır. Tüm dünyada ekonomik krizler sonrası yükselen yoksulluğa bağlı olarak, devletlerin sosyal yardımlara ayırdıkları bütçelerini arttırdığı ve nakit desteği programlarının çeşitlendirildiği görülmektedir. 2001 ve 2008 yıllarındaki küresel ekonomik krizlerin ve yaşamakta olduğumuz salgının ekonomik ve sosyal sonuçları düşünüldüğünde sosyal yardımlar birçok ülkede önemli sosyal politika müdahalelerini oluşturmuştur. Türkiye’de sosyal yardım alanında farklı kategorilerde bir dizi yardım verilmektedir. Bu makalenin odağında yer alan evde bakım aylığı, hem bir sosyal yardım politikası hem de bakım politikası olarak düşünülebilir. Avrupa ülkelerinde de 90’lardan bu yana ev temelli bakımı desteklemek için benzer nakit desteği programları uygulanmıştır. Avrupa’daki yaygın uygulamaların aksine, Türkiye’de evde bakım aylığı bakım ihtiyacı olan engelli ve yaşlı kişinin kendisine değil, engelli veya yaşlısına bakan aile bireyine verilen bir sosyal yardım programıdır. Bu bağlamda, makale evde bakım aylığını bir sosyal yardım mekanizması olarak ele alarak hak edebilirlik ve hareket edebilirlik kavramlarını yoksulların sosyal yardımlara erişimleri bağlamında tartışmaktadır. Makalede bulgularını paylaştığımız araştırmamızda farklı sosyal taraflar (sosyal yardım alanında çalışan merkezi ve yerel idareciler, sosyal hizmet uzmanları, engelli hakları alanında çalışan STK temsilcileri ve yardımdan yararlanan engelli birey yakınları) ile derinlemesine görüşmeler yoluyla söz konusu kavramlar ve dolayısıyla sosyal yardımlara dair sosyal adalet görüşleri irdelenmiştir.

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