Doğu Türkistan toplama kampları bağlamında Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nde insan hakları sorunları
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Tarih
2023
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İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
ÖZET: 1949 senesinde Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nin özerk bir bölgesi olduğu ilan edilen Sincan Uygur Özerk Bölgesi’nde (Doğu Türkistan'da) mukim insanlar, tarih boyunca Çin hükûmetinin sert ve hukuksuz politikalarına maruz kalmışlardır. Bölgede uygulanan din, dil, kültür, eğitim, nüfus, ekonomi gibi alanlardaki politikalar, Doğu Türkistanlılara yönelik nesillerdir süren bir asimilasyona dönüşebilmektedir. 2017 senesinde kurulan Sincan Mesleki Eğitim ve Öğretim Merkezleri’ne “terörizm ve aşırıcılıkla mücadele” kapsamında rızaları gözetilmeksizin alınan Doğu Türkistanlılar, bu bağlamda, sıkı bir “eğitim”den geçirilmektedirler. Eğitim içeriğinde Çince, mesleki beceriler ve hukuk dersleri gibi bir müfredatı olan bu kurslar, dikenli tellerle çevrili yüksek duvarlar ve gözetleme kuleleri bulunan arazilerde bulunmaktadır. Bu merkezler iç ve dış mekânsal özellikleri ve “tutukluların” gündelik yaşamları göz önüne alındığında bir “eğitim yuvası” olmaktan çok toplama kampı karakteri göstermektedir. Doğu Türkistanlılar, bu kamplarda fiziksel ve psikolojik olmak üzere zalimane, insanlık dışı ya da küçük düşürücü muamelelere uğramaktadırlar. Bölgede, sistematik olarak zorla doğum kontrolleri, zorla çalıştırmalar, çocukların ailelerden koparılması, “ikiz aile” projesi ve benzeri gibi politikalar sürdürülerek Doğu Türkistanlılara yönelik ciddi hak ihlallerinde bulunulmaktadır. Bu tez çalışması kapsamında, Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nin, Doğu Türkistan’da başta Uygur Türkleri olmak üzere azınlıklara karşı, mezkûr kamplarda ve dahi dışında sürdürülen hak ihlalleri hususunun değerlendirilmesi hedeflenmektedir.
ABSTRACT: Citizens living in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (East Turkestan), which was declared an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China in 1949, have been exposed to the harsh and unlawful policies of the Chinese government throughout history. Policies in the fields such as religion, language, culture, education, population and economy implemented in the region could turn into an assimilation for East Turkistanis that has been going on for generations. East Turkestanis who were admitted to the Xinjiang Vocational Education and Training Centers, without their consent, which were established in 2017 within the scope of "fighting terrorism and extremism" undergo a strict "training" in this context. These courses, which have a curriculum such as Chinese, vocational skills and law courses, are located in fields with high walls and watchtowers surrounded by barbed wire. Considering these centers‘ interior and exterior spatial features and the daily lives of the "detainees", they shows the character of a concentration camp rather than a "school". The people of East Turkestan are subjected to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, both physically and psychologically, in these camps. In the region, serious rights violations are committed against the people of East Turkestan by systematically continuing the policies such as forced birth control, forced labor, separation of children from their families, the "twin family" project et cetera. Within the scope of this thesis, it is aimed to evaluate the rights violations of the People's Republic of China against minorities, especially the Uyghur Turks, in East Turkestan and even outside the aforementioned camps.
ABSTRACT: Citizens living in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (East Turkestan), which was declared an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China in 1949, have been exposed to the harsh and unlawful policies of the Chinese government throughout history. Policies in the fields such as religion, language, culture, education, population and economy implemented in the region could turn into an assimilation for East Turkistanis that has been going on for generations. East Turkestanis who were admitted to the Xinjiang Vocational Education and Training Centers, without their consent, which were established in 2017 within the scope of "fighting terrorism and extremism" undergo a strict "training" in this context. These courses, which have a curriculum such as Chinese, vocational skills and law courses, are located in fields with high walls and watchtowers surrounded by barbed wire. Considering these centers‘ interior and exterior spatial features and the daily lives of the "detainees", they shows the character of a concentration camp rather than a "school". The people of East Turkestan are subjected to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, both physically and psychologically, in these camps. In the region, serious rights violations are committed against the people of East Turkestan by systematically continuing the policies such as forced birth control, forced labor, separation of children from their families, the "twin family" project et cetera. Within the scope of this thesis, it is aimed to evaluate the rights violations of the People's Republic of China against minorities, especially the Uyghur Turks, in East Turkestan and even outside the aforementioned camps.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
İnsan Hakları, Toplama Kampları, Hak İhlalleri, Çin, Doğu Türkistan, Human Rights, Concentration Camps, Violation of Rights, China, East Turkestan
