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Öğe 3D Printed Capacitive Pressure Sensor with Corrugated Surface(IEEE, 2017) Tuna, Ahmet; Erden, Oguz K.; Gokdel, Y. Daghan; Sarioglu, BaykalIn this work a novel 3D printed capacitive pressure sensor with a corrugated surface is presented. The design composed of top and bottom plates. The sensor is 3D printed using a commercially available polymer material and then coated with Cr and Au with sputtering process. The dimensions of produced structure that designed is 11x11x4.6mm(3). Due to the corrugated surface, the area of the plates is increased 19.46% compared to a standard flat surface parallel plate capacitive sensor in the same bulk area. The design process of the sensor, simulation and the experimental results are given and explained in detail. The performance of the sensor is tested with various pressure levels between 0 Pa and 8.88 kPa. The experimental results show that the capacitance range of the sensor is 2.7 pF-4.3 pF. The maximum sensitivity of the sensor is obtained as 0.14 pF / kPa. The results confirm that the presented capacitive sensor can be utilized for carrying out pressure measurements.Öğe 3D Printed Microplatform for Fiber-Coupled Optical Microsystems(IEEE, 2017) Kizilcabel, Hilal; Sarioglu, BaykalIn this paper, a 3D printed microplatform for realization of fiber-coupling between a light source and an optical microsystems is proposed. The micro-platform is designed in a CAD software and printed using additive manufacturing fusing technology. The performance of the proposed microplatform is tested successfully by coupling an integrated CMOS photodiode with an area of 500 x 500 mu m(2) to a pig tail laser that is attached to a 62.5 mu m/125 mu m multimode fiber optic cable. Experiment results show that the proposed microplatform presents a cost-effective alternative to the silicon-processed microplatforms.Öğe CMOS Optical Receiver for Low Power Biomedical Microsystems(IEEE, 2017) Yelkenci, Asli; Sarioglu, BaykalIn this paper, an integrated CMOS optical receiver in which optical power delivery and optical communication realized on a single channel is proposed. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) method is applied on the light source for transmission of the signals. Clock, data and power signals are obtained by various filtering methods. The proposed receiver is designed in 180 nm UMC Standard CMOS technology and can operate with single integrated CMOS photodiode.Öğe Cryptographically strong random number generation using integrated CMOS photodiodes for low-cost microcontroller based applications(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2022) Sarioglu, BaykalIn this work, we propose a method to generate random numbers for low-cost, low-power, resource-limited low data-rate microcontrollers using integrated CMOS photodiodes. The proposed method utilizes an integrated CMOS photodiode in the photovoltaic mode as the entropy source. The method is based on serially capturing analog values derived from the integrated CMOS photodiode. The entropy of these values increased by a custom algorithm. The proposed random number generator is devised using an integrated CMOS photodiode manufactured in 180 nm standard CMOS technology. The wide applicably of the random number generator is demonstrated by realizing it on a low-cost Arduino UNO board placed in a typical room environment. The implemented random number generator passes NIST-SP800-22 and AIS31 randomness tests at high scores. The proposed method achieved 5.4 Kbps throughput and 7.2% total significance level without any postprocessing. The test results show the high cryptographical strength of the proposed method makes it a promising alternative to the currently used random number generation algorithms in low-cost, low-resources, low-data rate microcontroller-based applications.Öğe An Electronic Control and Image Acquisition System for Laser Scanning Microscopy(IEEE, 2015) Gumus, Gokhan; Sarioglu, Baykal; Gokdel, Yigit DaghanThis paper presents an electronic system that controls the entire operation of a laser scanning microscopy system through a DAQ card. Proposed system does not only create the required electro-coil driving signal peculiar to magnetically actuated micro-scanner that enables the raster-scanning movement, but also is responsible from the image acquisition part by both serially gathering the laser intensity data and using it to construct a meaningful microscopy image. Micro-scanner which is fabricated using Ni as the structural material is utilized in the system. The microscanner's slow and fast scan frequencies are measured to be 250 Hz and 1560 Hz, respectively. Model of the DAQ card used in the system is NI-6356 which has maximum 5 mA current and 10 V voltage outputs. A power amplifier circuit with LM 386 is designed and added to the system for increasing field-of-view of the micro-scanner. The operation of the proposed system is demonstrated by acquiring data and constructing images from the USAF resolution target.Öğe Embedded System Design and Implementation For a Miniaturized Laser Projection Display(IEEE, 2019) Kucuk, Elif; Arseven, Aysin; Sarioglu, Baykal; Gokdel, Y. DaghanIn this work, a low power compact embedded system for steel scanner based miniaturized projection displays is presented. The proposed system is composed of a steel micro scanner, a microcontroller unit, a power amplifier, a 5mW laser with 650nm wavelength and a transistor-based laser driver. The proposed embedded system generates two actuation signals for vertical and horizontal movements of the scanner. The embedded system also generates laser pulses in synchronization with the actuation signals to form a stable and undistorted image. The steel scanner's total optical scanning angles (TOSA) are 5.415 and 3.2729 in slow-scan and fast-scan directions, respectively. Slow scan frequency is 264 Hz, while the fast scan frequency is 2640 Hz. The proposed device can deliver sufficient torque to allow non-resonant operation. Sample images generated using the proposed system are also given.Öğe EMRES: A New EMotional RESpondent Robot(IEEE-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc, 2022) Sonmez, Elena Battini; Han, Hasan; Karadeniz, Oguzcan; Dalyan, Tugba; Sarioglu, BaykalThe aim of this work is to design an artificial empathetic system and to implement it into an EMotional RESpondent (EMRES) robot, called EMRES. Rather than mimic the expression detected in the human partner, the proposed system achieves a coherent and consistent emotional trajectory resulting in a more credible human-agent interaction. Inspired by developmental robotics theory, EMRES has an internal state and a mood, which contribute in the evolution of the flow of emotions; at every episode, the next emotional state of the agent is affected by its internal state, mood, current emotion, and the expression read in the human partner. As a result, EMRES does not imitate, but it synchronizes to the emotion expressed by the human companion. The agent has been trained to recognize expressive faces of the FER2013 database and it is capable of achieving 78.3% performance with wild images. Our first prototype has been implemented into a robot, which has been created for this purpose. An empirical study run with university students judged in a positive way the newly proposed artificial empathetic system.Öğe A Mathematical Programming Approach for IoT-Enabled, Energy-Efficient Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network Design and Implementation(Mdpi, 2024) Taparci, Ertugrul; Olcay, Kardelen; Akmandor, Melike Ozlem; Kabakulak, Banu; Sarioglu, Baykal; Gokdel, Yigit DaghanThe Internet of Things (IoT) is playing a pivotal role in transforming various industries, and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are emerging as the key drivers of this innovation. This research explores the utilization of a heterogeneous network model to optimize the deployment of sensors in agricultural settings. The primary objective is to strategically position sensor nodes for efficient energy consumption, prolonged network lifetime, and dependable data transmission. The proposed strategy incorporates an offline model for placing sensor nodes within the target region, taking into account the coverage requirements and network connectivity. We propose a two-stage centralized control model that ensures cohesive decision making, grouping sensor nodes into protective boxes. This grouping facilitates shared resource utilization, including batteries and bandwidth, while minimizing box number for cost-effectiveness. Noteworthy contributions of this research encompass addressing connectivity and coverage challenges through an offline deployment model in the first stage, and resolving real-time adaptability concerns using an online energy optimization model in the second stage. Emphasis is placed on the energy efficiency, achieved through the sensor consolidation within boxes, minimizing data transmission hops, and considering energy expenditures in sensing, transmitting, and active/sleep modes. Our simulations on an agricultural farmland highlights its practicality, particularly focusing on the sensor placement for measuring soil temperature and humidity. Hardware tests validate the proposed model, incorporating parameters from the real-world implementation to enhance calculation accuracy. This study provides not only theoretical insights but also extends its relevance to smart farming practices, illustrating the potential of WSNs in revolutionizing sustainable agriculture.Öğe Optical Communication System with Single Channel Power Delivery and Data Transmission for Digital Biomedical Applications(IEEE, 2016) Yelkenci, Asli; Sarioglu, BaykalIn this paper, a communication system model in which optical power delivery and optical data transmission realized on a single channel is proposed. In the proposed system, optical power, data, and clock pulse signals are transmitted together on a single channel by applying PulseWidth Modulation on the light source. System model and the components are described in detail. The presented architecture enables single light sources and single fiber optical cable utilization, and hence, it can be integrated to compact, low-power, optical biomedical microsystems.Öğe Optically Powered Battery-Free Portable Microsystem for WSN and IoT Applications(IEEE, 2019) Ehican, Ilyas; Sarioglu, BaykalThis paper presents an ultra low power all-optical portable battery-free embedded microsystem that can be powered and controlled by a smart mobile phone. The microsystem contains an ultra-low voltage microcontroller as the processing unit; and, it receives power via a mini-solar cell. The optically powered microcontroller reads the local sensor data and transmits it to the mobile phone via modulating the light of an LED. A custom optical communication protocol that is based on Pulse Period Modulation is designed for the system. An image processing based mobile application utilizing the built-in flash of the phone is also programmed for controlling the microsystem. The mobile phone application using the built-in rear-facing camera analyzes the modulated optical signal from the LED on the microsystem and extracts the transmitted data. Experimental results of various local temperature measurements are also given.Öğe An Optoelectrical, Standard CMOS-Based Active Catheter Tracking System for MRI(Elsevier Science Bv, 2014) Camli, Berk; Sarioglu, Baykal; Yalcinkaya, Arda D.A fully optical active catheter tracking system compatible with 3T MRI environment is presented. It replaces conducting cables with optical fibers to reduce RF-induced heating problem. Proposed system consists of a MEMS-based microstructure array and an IC driving it. The IC houses an RF receiver block and an optoelectrical power supply. A prototype IC was fabricated in UMC 0.18 mu m CMOS process. Measurements indicate that the supply unit is able to provide 2.18mA at 1.2V supply, when a laser beam of 80mW power at its source is applied to IC. The system is operational at laser source power levels above 40mW. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.Öğe Performance Analysis of Histogram-Threshold Method for Cancer Detection(IEEE, 2014) Koc, Gamze; Gokdel, Yigit Daghan; Sarioglu, BaykalIn this paper, histogram-threshold method developed for cancer detection using miniaturized confocal microscopy system and its related performance analysis are presented. While doing the performance analysis, the receiver operation characteristics are applied in a novel fashion. Additionally, noise performances of different method are investigated. The highest and lowest success rates with 91.67% and 27.08% are acquired using Entropy Method and Mean Method, respectively.Öğe Photodiodes for Monolithic CMOS Circuit Applications(IEEE-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc, 2014) Camli, Berk; Sarioglu, Baykal; Yalcinkaya, Arda D.An optoelectrical power supply unit compatible with standard CMOS processes designed for microscale applications is presented. The system is based on an earlier version consisting of a photodiode that converts optical power to electrical power, and a dc/dc converter that increases the photodiode anode voltage to desirable levels. It has the ability to operate continuously or intermittently. The latter operation mode employs additional system elements and requires the modulation of the input laser beam. A prototype was fabricated in UMC 0.18-mu m triple-well standard CMOS process along with a direct conversion self-mixing receiver block on a die of 1525 mu m x 1525 mu m area. Performance measurements were done using a laser source of 650-nm wavelength at different power levels. For an input laser power of 80 mW, the source can provide an output current of 2.18 mA at a supply voltage of 1.2 V. The proposed system can be used to power integrated digital and low-power analog communication and medical microsystems.Öğe Quantitative detection system for immunostrips in 180nm standard CMOS technology(Springer, 2021) Tekin, Engincan; Celikdemir, Caner; Ucar, Busra; Gul, Ozgur; Sarioglu, BaykalIn this work, a CMOS based optical read-out system for biomarker on immunostrips detection is presented. For the proposed system, a CMOS integrated circuit containing an on-chip photodiode is designed in standard 180 nm UMC CMOS Technology. The system also contains cost-effective 3D Printed structures for holding both IC and the sample immunostrip together. The proposed system can be operated in two modes (1) light reflectance and (2) light transmittance. In the system, a laser with a wavelength of 637 nm is applied to the CMOS IC through immunostrip. Photovoltaic and photoconductive measurements are carried out for each mode on a custom Gluten biomarker immunostrip. Sensing operation of the biomarker is successfully realized with optical powers from 5 mW to 8 mW. Biomaterial density on the immunostrip is sensed and images of the biomarker with varying intensities are constructed from the measurements. Feasibility of the system for low power biomarker sensing applications is demonstrated.Öğe Quantitative Measurement of Colorimetric Signals in 180nm Standard CMOS Technology(IEEE, 2019) Celikdemir, Caner; Tekin, Engincan; Ucar, Busra; Gul, Ozgur; Sarioglu, BaykalIn this work, a CMOS based optical read-out system for biomarker sensing is presented. An integrated circuit containing an on-chip photodiode is designed an manufactured in 180nm UMC CMOS Technology. A 3D Printed structure is designed for holding both IC and the marker paper together. Laser light with 637 nm wavelength is applied to the marker paper and the CMOS IC. Optical measurements carried-out are based on the light transmissivity of the marker paper. Both photovoltaic and photoconductive measurements are carried out. The markers are successfully detected with 5mW to 20mW optical power. Images of the marker lines with varying intensity are generated from the measurements. Lastly, theoretical equations are derived, and the feasibility of the system for low power biomarker sensing applications is shown.Öğe Statistical Analysis of Threshold Algorithms in Image Processing Based Cancer Cell Detection(IEEE, 2014) Koc, Gamze; Sarioglu, BaykalIn this paper, an algorithm which is implemented for cancer detection in image processing and the results of the algorithm are mentioned. Researched work has three main steps. In first step, images are passed through significant steps for noise removal; at the second step, various histogram thresholds are calculated and at the last step cancer is detected with respect to calculated thresholds. As a result, the highest success rate is obtained as 81.25 percent while the lowest success rate is 37.5 percent.Öğe System Integration for Real-Time Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope(IEEE, 2016) Gumus, Gokhan; Sarioglu, Baykal; Gokdel, Yigit DaghanIn this work, a laser scanning confocal microscopy system governed by a software controlled DAQ Card is presented. The presented system can be utilized for scanning a target and displaying the resulting image through a designed graphical user interface (GUI). The system performs two main operations: (1) generation of the actuation signal and (2) image acquisition. The architecture of the proposed system and successful operation of the system is demonstrated by constructing images from USAF51 negative resolution test target. In the experiments, the proposed system is operated at the slow scan frequency (f (s)) of 1 Hz and the fast scan frequency (f (fast)) of 100 Hz with a sampling frequency (f (fast)) of 20 kHz. The experimental results show that 1 mu m lateral resolution is achieved in the proposed system.Öğe Ultra Low Power All-Digital CMOS Sensor Read Out Circuit for Optically Powered Biomedical Systems(IEEE, 2016) Yelkenci, Asli; Batur, Okan Zafer; Sarioglu, BaykalIn this paper, an ultra low power all digital sensor read out circuit architecture which requires very low power is proposed. The proposed circuit is targeted for optically powered biomedical applications. The read-out circuit is utilized for the measurement of capacitive and resistive type of transducers. The measurement method is based on the fact that both capacitive and resistive sensors can be utilized to introduce delay in the signal transmission path. The proposed circuit architecture is composed of entirely digital components and it measures the introduced delay using only single input clock signal. The proposed architecture is implemented on UMC 180 nm CMOS technology and simulation results are presented. The proposed circuit operates with 1.2 V supply that is generated by the optical power harvesting and charge pump unit, while consuming 70.4 mu W. The results confirm that the proposed circuit can be utilized in optically powered biomedical applications for carrying out capacitive and resistive sensor measurements.Öğe Using a low-amplitude RF pulse at echo time (LARFET) for device localization in MRI(Springer Heidelberg, 2014) Tumer, Murat; Sarioglu, Baykal; Mutlu, Senol; Ulgen, Yekta; Yalcinkaya, Arda; Ozturk, CengizhanWe describe a new method for frequency down-conversion of MR signals acquired with the radio-frequency projections method for device localization. A low-amplitude, off-center RF pulse applied simultaneously with the echo signal is utilized as the reference for frequency down-conversion. Because of the low-amplitude and large offset from the Larmor frequency, the RF pulse minimally interfered with magnetic resonance of protons. We conducted an experiment with the coil placed at different positions to verify this concept. The down-converted signal was transformed into optical signal and transmitted via fiber-optic cable to a receiver unit placed outside the scanner room. The position of the coil could then be determined by the frequency analysis of this down-converted signal and superimposed on previously acquired MR images for comparison. Because of minimal positional errors (a parts per thousand currency sign0.8 mm), this new device localization method may be adequate for most interventional MRI applications.
